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Islamic conquest of Afghanistan : ウィキペディア英語版
Islamic conquest of Afghanistan

The Islamic conquest of Afghanistan (642–870) began in the middle of the 7th century〔A Historical Atlas of Afghanistan (2003), by Amy Romano, pg. 18.〕 after the Islamic conquest of Persia was completed, when Arab Muslims defeated the Sassanid Empire at the battles of Walaja, al-Qādisiyyah and Nahavand.〔(''Islamic Conquest'' ), Library of Congress Country Studies on Afghanistan〕 The Muslim Arabs then began to move towards the lands east of Persia and in 652 captured the city, Herat.〔(Afghanistan, ''The 7th-18th centuries'' ), Encyclopædia Britannica〕 By 667, the Afghan area was under invasion by the Arabs but in 683 Kabul and other parts of Afghanistan fought with resistance and completely routed the invading army which was led by the Governor of Seistan. The near-complete conversion of Afghans to Islam was during the period of the Ghaznavids in the 10th century, when Afghans converted voluntarily with Kafiristan holding out until Emir Abdur Rahman Khan conquered and forcibly converted them in the 1890s.
==Caliphate==

The invasion of Persia was completed five years after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and all of the Persian territories came under Arab control, though pockets of tribal resistance continued for centuries in the Afghan territories.〔〔 During the 7th century, Arab armies made their way into the region of Afghanistan from Khorasan with the new religion of Islam. At this point in time, the area that is currently Afghanistan had a multi-religious population consisting of Hindus (mostly Surya worshippers), Buddhists, Zoroastrians, Jews, and others.

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